FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) is an international certification system promoting responsible forest management. Key components:
- Certification Types:
- FSC 100% (pure sustainable material), FSC Recycled, FSC Mix
- Requirements:
- Chain-of-Custody tracking from forest to consumer
- Compliance with 10 environmental/social principles
- Protection of biodiversity and indigenous rights
- Global Reach: Certifies 200+ million hectares of forests across 90 countries
LFGB (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch) is Germany's primary regulation for food-contact materials. Critical requirements:
- Testing Mandates:
- Migration limits for chemicals, Sensory tests (taste/odor non-transfer), Heavy metal and aromatic amine analysis
- Prohibitions: Bans carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic substances
- Scope: Applies to all food-contact products sold in Germany (packaging, cookware, utensils)
- Enforcement: Non-compliant products face immediate market bans
FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) regulates product safety across multiple sectors in the United States:
- Key Oversight Areas:
Food/Supplements: FSMA compliance, GMP standards, Food-Contact Materials: 21 CFR safety evaluations,
Medical Devices: Premarket approvals (PMA/510k), Cosmetics/Drugs: Ingredient safety and labeling
- Compliance Mechanism:
Facility registration and inspections, Import controls at ports of entry, Mandatory adverse event reporting
- Authority: Enforced under Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)